Ribs:
- 12 pairs.
- Flat bones with spongy tissue, binding the vertebra
posterior to the sternum anterior, via costal cartilage.
- they are classified into: ( the international classification)
1. True ribs: the ribs connecting directly to the sternum,(ribs 1-7).
2. False ribs: those connecting indirectly to the sternum, (ribs 8-12).
{8, 9, and 10}: connecting indirectly, but {11, and 12}: are called floating ribs; only connecting to abdominal muscles.
- 2nd classification, depending on major parts of the rib, where they are classified into:
typical and atypical ribs.
* Typical ribs:
Each typical rib has the following parts:
1. Head: with 2 facets: superior and inferior, where the inferior facet articulates with vertebra of the same number, because the head is articulating with 2 sequential vertebrae.
2. Neck: constricted part, related to vital structures, especially sympathetic trunk.
*** If the neck of the rib is fractured, the sympathetic part of the nervous system is affected.
3. Tubercles: they are 2 in number:
- Articular, inferior: articulates with transverse process of the vertebra of the same number.
- Non articular, superior: for a ligament (acting as a spring between intercostal spaces,binding ribs together for recoil).
4. Costal angle: where the rib changes its direction.It gives origin to serratus anterior muscle.
5. Body (shaft), which has:
Anterior surface, posterior surface/ superior,smooth rounded border, and inferior sharp border.
*At the inferior border there is costal groove, lodging (transmitting) intercostal VAN (vein, artery, nerve).
* Atypical ribs:
- They are: 1, 2, 11, & 12.
- They have missed parts.
~ The 1st rib:
. The shortest, the widest, and the most curved of ribs.
. Has:
1. Anterior border, posterior border.
2. Superior surface, inferior surface.
3. NO, but no, costal groove.
*Related Structures to the Superior Surface (from anterior to posterior) are the following:
1) Subclavian Vein.
2) Subclavian Artery.
3) Lower trunk of the brachial plexus. {if injured, causes paralysis of Ulnar nerve.}à[claw hand]
*those structures may be injured if clavicle or first rib are fractured.
Thoracic Vertebra:
Each vertebra has 2 parts:
- Body, anterior à for weight bearing-act as a shock absorber.
- Vertebral arch, posterior à for protection of spinal cord.
Note:
Nervous system in the body is divided into:
1. Somatic nervous system (voluntary); central and peripheral.
2. Autonomic nervous system (involuntary);sympathetic {wasting} and parasympathetic {conservative}.
* The sympathetic trunk is located on both sides of the vertebral column, anterior to the neck of ribs.Extending from base of skull to coccyx. Its function is: coding the spinal nerve to be sympathetic.
Sawsan Tabaza ...
I'd like to dedicate this sheet to my friends:
Sondos alkhtib (la telqa2eyyan!!!), Ruba Almohtaseb (You mute,, you not succeed!), and Lama Jamal (eltamneh sabteh :p ,, Allah yeft7 3laiky ya rb!!!).and to all my colleages .....
- 12 pairs.
- Flat bones with spongy tissue, binding the vertebra
posterior to the sternum anterior, via costal cartilage.
- they are classified into: ( the international classification)
1. True ribs: the ribs connecting directly to the sternum,(ribs 1-7).
2. False ribs: those connecting indirectly to the sternum, (ribs 8-12).
{8, 9, and 10}: connecting indirectly, but {11, and 12}: are called floating ribs; only connecting to abdominal muscles.
- 2nd classification, depending on major parts of the rib, where they are classified into:
typical and atypical ribs.
* Typical ribs:
Each typical rib has the following parts:
1. Head: with 2 facets: superior and inferior, where the inferior facet articulates with vertebra of the same number, because the head is articulating with 2 sequential vertebrae.
2. Neck: constricted part, related to vital structures, especially sympathetic trunk.
*** If the neck of the rib is fractured, the sympathetic part of the nervous system is affected.
3. Tubercles: they are 2 in number:
- Articular, inferior: articulates with transverse process of the vertebra of the same number.
- Non articular, superior: for a ligament (acting as a spring between intercostal spaces,binding ribs together for recoil).
4. Costal angle: where the rib changes its direction.It gives origin to serratus anterior muscle.
5. Body (shaft), which has:
Anterior surface, posterior surface/ superior,smooth rounded border, and inferior sharp border.
*At the inferior border there is costal groove, lodging (transmitting) intercostal VAN (vein, artery, nerve).
* Atypical ribs:
- They are: 1, 2, 11, & 12.
- They have missed parts.
~ The 1st rib:
. The shortest, the widest, and the most curved of ribs.
. Has:
1. Anterior border, posterior border.
2. Superior surface, inferior surface.
3. NO, but no, costal groove.
*Related Structures to the Superior Surface (from anterior to posterior) are the following:
1) Subclavian Vein.
2) Subclavian Artery.
3) Lower trunk of the brachial plexus. {if injured, causes paralysis of Ulnar nerve.}à[claw hand]
*those structures may be injured if clavicle or first rib are fractured.
Thoracic Vertebra:
Each vertebra has 2 parts:
- Body, anterior à for weight bearing-act as a shock absorber.
- Vertebral arch, posterior à for protection of spinal cord.
Note:
Nervous system in the body is divided into:
1. Somatic nervous system (voluntary); central and peripheral.
2. Autonomic nervous system (involuntary);sympathetic {wasting} and parasympathetic {conservative}.
* The sympathetic trunk is located on both sides of the vertebral column, anterior to the neck of ribs.Extending from base of skull to coccyx. Its function is: coding the spinal nerve to be sympathetic.
Sawsan Tabaza ...
I'd like to dedicate this sheet to my friends:
Sondos alkhtib (la telqa2eyyan!!!), Ruba Almohtaseb (You mute,, you not succeed!), and Lama Jamal (eltamneh sabteh :p ,, Allah yeft7 3laiky ya rb!!!).and to all my colleages .....
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