Notes about oogenesis
* Follicular cells: for maturation (maintenance, protection) of oocyte.
* Corpus Luteum (the yellow body): -It collects fat that’s why it's yellow in color
- Its center has blood
*Corpus albicans (the white body): It's fibrous tissue (useless)
**The last line in oogenesis's handout was missed, the whole sentence is:
(Ovulatory Stage: At ovulation 2ry oocyte enter Meiosis II but arrested in Metaphase, only completed at fertilization to five mature ovam otherwise, it degenerate after 24 hours)
Female Reproductive Cycle
*It's a continuous monthly cycle from day 1 of Puberty till day 1 of menopause.
*The ovary is not controlled by it self it's controlled by Hypothalamus, pituitary gland (they are controlling the ovary and the ovary will control the uterus).
*Female Reproductive Cycle involves Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and uterus. It includes monthly cyclic changes in structure and function of ovaries and uterus in preparation for pregnancy.
*At puberty hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (= GnRH) that give the command to Anterior Pituitary gland to secrete 2 hormones:
1- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Note that (Gonadotropin) =
(Gonado –) it means: Main sexual organs "In male they are testis and in female they are the ovaries)
(- tropin) it means stimulating
*Female Reproductive Cycle is divided into 2 cycles:
1- Ovarian cycle
2- Uterine cycle
Ovarian cycle
FSH & LH stimulate and control cyclic changes in ovaries (it affect the ovary by)
Growth and maturation of follicles (Proliferation of follicular cells)
Ovulation
Corpus Luteum
Uterine cycle
Ovarian hormones control monthly cyclic changes in the endometrium which involve 3 phases:
Menstrual phase ( Bleeding phase )
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
*The typical cycle in female is 28 days starting by day 1 of bleeding (menstruation) till day 1 of next bleeding.
* The typical mid time of it is (day 14) which is ovulation time
* We can divide uterine cycle into 2 half's:
1- The first half is before day 14 (from day 1 to day 13)
2- The second half is after day 14 (from day 14 to day 28)
Uterus
The endometrium of uterus consist of 2 layers (from in to out ) :
Functional layer : it's formed of 2 parts ( compact layer , spongy layer ) because it's the layer that discarded ( removed ) every month .
Basal layer : Regenerative layer which regenerate formation of discarded functional layer .
* Uterine cycle controlling the structure and function of uterus specially endometrium by hormones released from the follicles or corpus Lutem.
Proliferative phase of uterine cycle
i.e.: regenerating (replacing) the discarded functional layer by basal layer which is controlled by ( Estrogen hormone ) secreted by follicle cells during the first 13 days .
That's why the first half of uterine cycle is controlled by Estrogen
* In Proliferative phase :
1- The epithelium is thicken 3 times
2- Glands will form
3- Arteries will reform ( repair )
About day 13 or 14 Luteinizing hormones will be secreted in large amount ( a surge of LH ) affecting the follicle which will rupture and burst to expel ( let go of ) 2ry oocyte at day 14 .
**at this time the epithelium is replaced to become 3 times in thickness, blood vessels will be repaired, glands enlarge, but uterus is still not 100% ready for implantation.
Secretory phase of uterine cycle
* After day 14 Corpus Luteum will take over of 2nd half of uterine cycle ( from day 14 to 28 ) by secretion of Progesterone .
Note that ( Progesterone ) =
(pro-) it means (with)
(gest-) it means (pregnancy)
(-on) it means (Formation)
In Secretory phase :
Progesterone will structure gland to swell and secrete more fluids
Blood vessels enlarge and congested with blood and will spiral
Secretion will be increased
The endometrium is ready for implantation ( healthy media )
* At day 28 if fertilization doesn't occur Corpus Luteum will degenerate and its cell will not secrete Progesterone è lower level of this hormone in blood will cause the blood vessels to leak blood from their wall or arteries will be constructed causing Ischemia ( Death of epithelium ) è there after blood will be collecting below epithelium and will be (sluft = يقشر) out within uterine cavity and will go out .
* By finish of day 28 the bleeding starts .
*blood amount in normal is80ml
Contraceptive Pills
* They mainly depend either on Progesterone or Estrogen by inhibiting or play games around ovulation
* If we don't want ovulation to occur we give Estrogen in the first half of the period è the level of Estrogen will raise and so it gives feed back to FSH and they will not secrete it ( False message )
* If we want pregnancy ( A lady with a problem ) è we give her FSH
I want to dedicate this sheet to all my colleges in our faculty specially to those who left their country and came to Jordan to study medicine, by the name of all Jordanians we say " Welcome to Jordan , it's your country so as it's our country, we all are one nation " , and they are :
From Syria : Khaled Daye3 , Moh'd Fadel
From Palestine : Moh'd Abo Haneyeh , Bolos Mansor , Waseem samara , Moh'd 3awwad , Rand Abo Lebda , Aseel Hoso , Mahmod Shalabi , Ayham Saleh
From Yemen : Mokhtar Al Warafe , Moh'd Shaye3
From Iraq : Fahed Adel , Moh'd Wazeer , Shahed Thaer , Sa7ar Basel , Senan Adnan , Bashar Yousef , Bashar Saba7 , Maryem .
And To whom I forgot …..
Special thanks to Our colleges who built the website for the sheets
( Wa3ed Swelmeen , Wael Tokan, hamza jassar)
Finally , A7la ta7eyeh men shabab el 6eb la morash7na el saneh el jay …. Arw3 shabab el dof3a ****( Ghaleb Kherfan )****
* Follicular cells: for maturation (maintenance, protection) of oocyte.
* Corpus Luteum (the yellow body): -It collects fat that’s why it's yellow in color
- Its center has blood
*Corpus albicans (the white body): It's fibrous tissue (useless)
**The last line in oogenesis's handout was missed, the whole sentence is:
(Ovulatory Stage: At ovulation 2ry oocyte enter Meiosis II but arrested in Metaphase, only completed at fertilization to five mature ovam otherwise, it degenerate after 24 hours)
Female Reproductive Cycle
*It's a continuous monthly cycle from day 1 of Puberty till day 1 of menopause.
*The ovary is not controlled by it self it's controlled by Hypothalamus, pituitary gland (they are controlling the ovary and the ovary will control the uterus).
*Female Reproductive Cycle involves Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and uterus. It includes monthly cyclic changes in structure and function of ovaries and uterus in preparation for pregnancy.
*At puberty hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (= GnRH) that give the command to Anterior Pituitary gland to secrete 2 hormones:
1- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Note that (Gonadotropin) =
(Gonado –) it means: Main sexual organs "In male they are testis and in female they are the ovaries)
(- tropin) it means stimulating
*Female Reproductive Cycle is divided into 2 cycles:
1- Ovarian cycle
2- Uterine cycle
Ovarian cycle
FSH & LH stimulate and control cyclic changes in ovaries (it affect the ovary by)
Growth and maturation of follicles (Proliferation of follicular cells)
Ovulation
Corpus Luteum
Uterine cycle
Ovarian hormones control monthly cyclic changes in the endometrium which involve 3 phases:
Menstrual phase ( Bleeding phase )
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
*The typical cycle in female is 28 days starting by day 1 of bleeding (menstruation) till day 1 of next bleeding.
* The typical mid time of it is (day 14) which is ovulation time
* We can divide uterine cycle into 2 half's:
1- The first half is before day 14 (from day 1 to day 13)
2- The second half is after day 14 (from day 14 to day 28)
Uterus
The endometrium of uterus consist of 2 layers (from in to out ) :
Functional layer : it's formed of 2 parts ( compact layer , spongy layer ) because it's the layer that discarded ( removed ) every month .
Basal layer : Regenerative layer which regenerate formation of discarded functional layer .
* Uterine cycle controlling the structure and function of uterus specially endometrium by hormones released from the follicles or corpus Lutem.
Proliferative phase of uterine cycle
i.e.: regenerating (replacing) the discarded functional layer by basal layer which is controlled by ( Estrogen hormone ) secreted by follicle cells during the first 13 days .
That's why the first half of uterine cycle is controlled by Estrogen
* In Proliferative phase :
1- The epithelium is thicken 3 times
2- Glands will form
3- Arteries will reform ( repair )
About day 13 or 14 Luteinizing hormones will be secreted in large amount ( a surge of LH ) affecting the follicle which will rupture and burst to expel ( let go of ) 2ry oocyte at day 14 .
**at this time the epithelium is replaced to become 3 times in thickness, blood vessels will be repaired, glands enlarge, but uterus is still not 100% ready for implantation.
Secretory phase of uterine cycle
* After day 14 Corpus Luteum will take over of 2nd half of uterine cycle ( from day 14 to 28 ) by secretion of Progesterone .
Note that ( Progesterone ) =
(pro-) it means (with)
(gest-) it means (pregnancy)
(-on) it means (Formation)
In Secretory phase :
Progesterone will structure gland to swell and secrete more fluids
Blood vessels enlarge and congested with blood and will spiral
Secretion will be increased
The endometrium is ready for implantation ( healthy media )
* At day 28 if fertilization doesn't occur Corpus Luteum will degenerate and its cell will not secrete Progesterone è lower level of this hormone in blood will cause the blood vessels to leak blood from their wall or arteries will be constructed causing Ischemia ( Death of epithelium ) è there after blood will be collecting below epithelium and will be (sluft = يقشر) out within uterine cavity and will go out .
* By finish of day 28 the bleeding starts .
*blood amount in normal is80ml
Contraceptive Pills
* They mainly depend either on Progesterone or Estrogen by inhibiting or play games around ovulation
* If we don't want ovulation to occur we give Estrogen in the first half of the period è the level of Estrogen will raise and so it gives feed back to FSH and they will not secrete it ( False message )
* If we want pregnancy ( A lady with a problem ) è we give her FSH
I want to dedicate this sheet to all my colleges in our faculty specially to those who left their country and came to Jordan to study medicine, by the name of all Jordanians we say " Welcome to Jordan , it's your country so as it's our country, we all are one nation " , and they are :
From Syria : Khaled Daye3 , Moh'd Fadel
From Palestine : Moh'd Abo Haneyeh , Bolos Mansor , Waseem samara , Moh'd 3awwad , Rand Abo Lebda , Aseel Hoso , Mahmod Shalabi , Ayham Saleh
From Yemen : Mokhtar Al Warafe , Moh'd Shaye3
From Iraq : Fahed Adel , Moh'd Wazeer , Shahed Thaer , Sa7ar Basel , Senan Adnan , Bashar Yousef , Bashar Saba7 , Maryem .
And To whom I forgot …..
Special thanks to Our colleges who built the website for the sheets
( Wa3ed Swelmeen , Wael Tokan, hamza jassar)
Finally , A7la ta7eyeh men shabab el 6eb la morash7na el saneh el jay …. Arw3 shabab el dof3a ****( Ghaleb Kherfan )****
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