sheet no.33

Nerve Supply of The Anterior Abdominal Wall:

▪ Skin of the anterior abdominal wall supplied by lower six intercostals nerves ( T7- T12 ) and first lumbar ( L1 ).
▪ Umbalical level supplied by T10.
▪ Infrasternal angel supplied by T7.
▪ L1 supply the skin above inguinal ligament(commonly involved in acr accidents).
→ pain around umbilicus is carried through T10.


PERITONEUM

• a thin serrus complete membrane that lines the walls ( inner surface ) of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs either completely or partially.
• it divided into two layers:
parietal layer: lining inner surface(wall) of the abdominal cavity.
visceral layer: lining abdominal organs(viscera).

ABDOMINAL CAVITY

It is a potential space between the two layers, vacuumed ( no air, no pressure )
If anything collected there as air, blood or fluid,it becomes true space.

ABDOMINAL ORGANS

• organs covered completely by peritoneum are called intraperitonial organs, these organs are highly mobile.
e.g. small intestine.
• organs covered partially by peritoneum are called retroperitoneal organs, these organs have restricted mobility.
e.g. duodenum, kidney.


AORTA

- Abdominal aorta is the direct continuation of the thoracic aorta.
- begins at aortic opening in the diaphragm at the level of T12.
- it will end at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra ( L4 )[opposite to it] by dividing into right and left common iliac artery ( CIA ).
- it gives single branches and paired branches.
Single branches are three in number:
Celiac artery.
Superior mesenteric artery ( SMA ).
Inferior mesenteric artery ( IMA ).
Mesentery: double layer of peritoneum containing arterial supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of a specific organ.-->hilum.
Gastrointestinal System ( GIS )
It divided into:
GI tube: extending from mouth to anus.
Accessory glands: like salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas.
*Tube is divided into three parts(thirds):
Proximal part called FOREGUT.
Mid part called MIDGUT.
Distal part called HINDGUT.
-Each of them compose of number of organs.
▪ Foregut is supplied by celiac artery.
▪ Midgut is supplied by superior mesenteric artery.
▪ Hindgut is supplied by inferior mesenteric artery.
Esophagus
A muscular tube about 10 inches in length= 25 cm, extending from distal(lower) end of pharynx to the cardiac opening of stomach.
It is passing in three regions: neck, thorax and abdomen so it has three parts: cervical, thoracic and abdominal.
Each region is responsible about arterial supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the part passing through it.



I want to dedicate this sheet to my friends:

Samar Alrahmeh ( wallah tobeh ☺), Amal Alhelo ( meloloppa ), Aya Bani kenana, Sawsan Tabaza, Ruba Almohtasib, Sondos Alkhateeb, Lama Jamal, Hiba Abu khairan, Rawan Alrajaby, Lubna Salameh, Rawan Ghazal, Rasha Jabra, Alaa Abd Alraouf, Doaa Abu jamea, Bayan khdoor, Rawan Saleh, Najd, Doaa Tawfeeq, Doaa Jarah, Suzan Mbydeen, Jameeleh, Waed Swaylmeen, Zain, Ala` Hjazi, Ashar, Nadia Hasan, Dema Abd Alkareem, Dania Dhmsh, Shereen, Aseel Alsayed, Lara Harahsheh, Doaa Mhmd, Muna, Samar Taqatqa, Rasha Husain, Abeer, Manar Jwainat, Noha, Rozan, Amani, Jeelan, Suzan Musa, Aseel Abu shanab, Lubna Abd Alhafeth, Rawan Keswani, Elham, Nadeen, Dina Break.

Nisreen Abu Osba